Tahun1842, James Brooke dilantik menjadi Rajah Sarawak. Tahun 1845, Baginda menyerahkan Pulau Labuan kepada Inggeris. Tahun 1846 angkatan yang diketuai oleh James Brooke menyerang Brunei. membuat perjanjian dengan Gustavus Baron de Overback dan Alfred Dent mengenai pemajakan ke atas wilayah-wilayah Brunei di Sabah. SULTAN SHARIF 'ALI Beligelang besi plat rajah sulaiman plus rempah bertuah. Harga Murah di Lapak sultan cemeti ali. Pengiriman cepat Pembayaran 100% aman. Belanja Sekarang Juga Hanya di Bukalapak. PhoneNumber Address in San Antonio; 210-747-1215: Tobbie Cruces , Westelm Dr, San Antonio, Bexar, Texas Other Variations: 2107471215 | +1 (210) 747-1215: 210-747-9593: Shenia Brunell, Villa Arboles, San Antonio, Bexar, Texas Other Variations: 2107479593 | +1 (210) 747-9593: 210-747-0537 khasiattasbih rajah gus ali AMALAN RAJAHKALACAKRA WALI SONGO. March 18, 2016 March 18, 2016 KIRIMAN. Artikel kiriman sdr yofhi siswoadiguna: Ajian ini saya dapatkan dari teman seperguruan saya. Ajian ini dulunya pegangan para wali khususnya Wali Songo terutama Sunan Bonang dan Sunan Kalijaga. BagiDerry Sulaiman Gus Miftah sudah kelewat batas. Derry Sulaiman Tegur Gus Miftah: Ustadz Khalid Dijadikan Wayang Itu Sudah Kurang Ajar | Republika Online REPUBLIKA.ID Rajahsulaiman. Melalui postigan kali saya akan berbagi mengenai kedahsyatan dari rajah sulaiman, adapun khasiat dari rajah sulaiman yakni di antranya bisa di gunakan untuk menundukan orang yang kita kehendaki agar menuruti apa yang kita ucapkan , serta bisa di gunakan untuk pengasihan, karismati, daya tarik, dll, rajah sulaiman juga memiliki PenerbitIlmu Bakti menerbitkan Conquer! Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 1 pada 2021-10-29. Baca versi flipbook dari Conquer! Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 1. Muat turun halaman 1-30 di AnyFlip. Gus Mus (Padepokan Sultan Hadlirin)-Gus Mijaya Astolani-Gus Firman-Gus Ulin Nuha-Gus Imron -Mbah Salman Sulaiman-Mbah Sumantoro-Mbah Sumpol-Mbah Sundono-Mbah Guntur-Mbah Gatot Subroto-Mbah Jalal (pelet angin rajah)-Ustadz Al-Arif-Ustad Arul-Ustad Aji Pamungkas-Ustadz Ghofur-Ustadz Haji Accordingto Sulaiman, Fernandez and Tambilawan had an unwritten covenant in a gesture of peace that if the sultan's child was a boy, he was to be named Fernandez; if it was a girl, she was to be the namesake of Fernandez's wife Maria. Tambilawan's own brother, Rajah Muda Datu Ali, died fighting American colonial forces in 1903. And Ali 'Imran, 3:18) Menurut al-Qurtubiy (2006:63-64) dan al-'Uthaymin (2006:14), berdasarkan ayat ini, kerja ini juga membina suatu rajah konsep niat yang dibincangkan pada sub-bahagian ketiga iaitu kerangka ontologi niat. Sulaiman, 2006). Rumusan ini disokong oleh al-Qurafi yang telah menjadikan niat, 227Correction to: Genetic structure of selected finfish populations in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Marine Biodiversity, (2021), 51, 3, (41), 10.1007/s12526-021-01179-8) Zohrah Sulaiman, Mei Ann Lim, and Hussein Taha. Marine Biodiversity. Diriwayatkandari Muqatil bin Sulaiman,bahwasannya ia berkata:"Barangsiapa membaca do'a tersebut sesudah shalat shubuh,maka Allah akan segerah mengabulkan semua hajatnya". WAF-AL-LII TAHTA AF-ALI DARJAS SALAMATI WA ISQOTAL MALAMATI WATANAZULLA KAROMATI WA DHUHURO IMAMATI WA KAMMALI LII MABTAILATA BIHII A-IMATIH HUDAA MIN KALIMATIKA AhmadMuhdlor Ali, S.IP. atau akrab dipanggil Gus Muhdlor. (lahir 11 Februari 1991) adalah seorang akademisi pendidikan di Sidoarjo yang menjabat sebagai Ia merupakan anak keenam dari tokoh NU KH. Agoes Ali Masyhuri, Pengasuh Pondok Pesantren Progresif Bumi Shalawat. Ahmad Muhdlor Ali mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan umum Bupati Sidoarjo RajahSulaiman is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Rajah Sulaiman and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. Melaluikejohanan ini diharapkan dapat menggalakkan pembangunan diri murid-murid Sekolah Kebangsaan Menson sekali gus mencapai ke arah matlamat Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan. 2.0 RASIONAL Rasional Kejohanan Sukan Tahunan ini diadakan adalah Sulaiman Bin Abdul Raof Guru Penolong Kanan Hal Ehwal Murid Setiausaha 297187613-Tata-Rajah.pdf. RlqWeBR. The emotional wounds from a sexual assault at the hands of a Lower Mainland imam four years ago continue to affect the daily life of his victim, who says if immigration officials and the Muslim Association had intervened sooner, the attack may never have woman, whose identity is protected by a Supreme Court order, says she has received no community support for her turmoil and is being shamed as a victim."When people see me, they think I am not good woman," she said. "I got with priest and put him in the jail."Pakistani national Abdur Rehman Khan, 46, is serving a three-year sentence on one count of sexual assault and will remain a registered sex offender for 20 years. In 2017 he was charged with assaulting the woman, whom he came to know through his work in the Muslim community in Surrey, story shows the lengths he went to in misleading immigration officials to stay in Canada and the lack of intervention provided by the Muslim Association, which described his criminal case as a "personal matter."The assault happened in July 2016, three months after he had been ordered to leave the country.'Nobody support me'His victim is outraged that Khan continued as an imam at Masjid-Ur-Rahmah after he was charged and granted bail, as well as after he was convicted and awaiting also doesn't understand how he was able to avoid discovery by immigration officials for in the meantime, has had to give up her job and many activities to avoid being ostracized by some people in the Lower Mainland's Muslim community. "Nobody support me," said the woman who has no family in the country. Watch the victim talk about community response to her sexual assault Victim of sexual assault by an imam says the incident destroyed her describes how she is being blamed for the imprisonment of a lower mainland imam after he was convicted for sexual names and attempts to immigrate Abdur Rehman Khan's attempts to live in Canada span almost three decades. In 1993, he was included as a dependent in an application by his brother Mohammad Tayyab to sponsor their mother to Canada but when Khan's application for permanent residency was denied, he appealed but didn't wait for a decision. During the appeal process, Khan successfully obtained a visitor visa under the name Abdul Rehman and once in Canada, in February 1999, he made a refugee claim under the name Ibuhuraira claim was refused in October 2000. One month later, Khan tried again to stay here through the sponsorship of a wife. At an immigration hearing, Khan conceded the marriage was not genuine and solely for immigration purposes. In September 2001, he was deported from Canada, under the name Ibuhuraira Khan. It was only after he'd been removed from Canada that in 2003 he was actually accepted for permanent residency to Canada under the original 1993 Rehman Khan was an imam at Masjid-Ur-Rahmah, in Surrey, until August 2020 when he resigned after he was sent to prison for sexual assault. Masjid-Ur-Rahmah/FacebookMisled officialsUpon his arrival, in Vancouver, in April 2003, as Abdur Rehman Khan, he was asked by immigration officials if he had ever been "convicted of a crime or offence, refused admission to Canada or required to leave Canada."Khan said no according to transcripts of his immigration hearings. Officials did not know he'd been to Canada before, used other names, had travel documents in those names, nor that he'd made a previous refugee claim and had been 2014, Khan's past caught up with him when the Canadian Border Services Agency CBSA received word that the information he had provided officers was false. In June of that year when asked directly if he'd ever used any other names, including nicknames, he stated "no." When asked whether he knew the name Ibuhuraira Khan, he said "no." In April 2016, the Immigration and Refugee Board issued an exclusion order against Khan but he appealed the order on the basis of humanitarian and compassionate considerations. A year later, in April 2017, the Immigration Appeal Division dismissed his appeal and at that point it was up to the CBSA to execute his removal months later, though, when Khan was arrested and charged with sexual assault the removal process was stalled. Watch below to hear portion of online Ramadan sermon by Abdur Rehman KhanAbdur Rehman Khan continued as an imam after he was convicted of sexual assaultDuring Ramadan, Khan gave sermons posted on the Masjid-Ur-Rahmah Facebook page.'Personal matter'Khan was granted bail on July 6, 2017 and once released, he returned to his position as imam at the mosque Masjid-Ur-Rahmah where he continued to lead prayers, inter-faith meetings, teach youth and officiate at marriages and funerals. After his trial and conviction in January 2020, he again went back to work until August when he was sentenced to three years in prison. There were rumours circulating at this Surrey mosque Masjid-Ur-Rahmah about the behaviour of Abdur Rehman Khan but no-one explored what officials call his 'personal matter.' Kevin Li/CBCBCMA president Iftab Sahib says Khan submitted a resignation letter in August 2020. The association, however, considered Khan's reasons for quitting as his "personal matter," he said and asked no questions. Sahib declined to be interviewed further about why Khan was allowed to stay on the job after he was charged and convicted. In an email, BCMA spokesperson Tariq Tayyab said, "at no time was BCMA made aware of the serious allegations and criminal charges brought against the individual."His employment with the BCMA ended in August of this year and Tayyab directed any other inquiries to the association's lawyer. A member of the BCMA Women's Council also reneged on an interview after initially saying it was important to address the issue and to ensure the community knew what had transpired. Toronto imam charged with sexual assault after allegedly convincing woman she was possessedPort Coquitlam imam convicted of sexual assault sentenced to three and a half years in jailMultiple marriages Khan's subterfuge with immigration officials also involved multiple marriages aimed at achieving residency in woman Khan married in the fall of 2000 was the divorced spouse of his brother Mohammad Tayyab. The marriage ended when it failed to secure Khan permanent residency in woman later re-united with Tayyab. Meanwhile, in Pakistan, Khan already had a wife and five children which he never disclosed to immigration officials. At his August 2020 sexual assault sentencing, in Supreme Court, the judge acknowledged Khan visited his overseas family every other year until 2016. The oldest of those children now lives in According to Immigration Appeal Division IAD documents, it's unlikely he ever divorced his wife in Pakistan. As well, he remains married under a different name to his brother's wife. The IAD also says Khan married and separated a third time, in 2014, in representing himself as single when he got that marriage News has learned that in spring of 2016, Khan married again in the midst of his latest Immigration and Refugee Board removal hearing. The woman was a Canadian citizen living in The marriage lasted only a matter of months. The victim of Abdur Rehman Khan says it's painful being shunned by the people in the community where you live. Ben Nelms/CBCVictim shamingOther people from the province's Muslim community say the web of lies and deceits and ultimately Khan's crime of sexual assault should be better Momla, an imam from Masjid-Al-Salaam, in Burnaby, has often spoken out about victims who come forward with their trauma and are further marginalized."It would be untruthful to say victim shaming doesn't happen in certain communities," he said. "Why this happens? Partly it is a misconstrued sense of honour."Momla says some people feel they must not speak openly about victims of domestic or sexual abuse happening in relationships. That attitude though, he says, is not faith-based. His message to the Muslim community is that victims should never be blamed, but provided with support.'Open your eyes'Khan's victim says as long she continues to be shunned the matter will never be over. Her message to the community is to, "open your eyes. Don't look down on [victims] even if [the attacker] is a priest." Vancouver Immigration consultant Divya Bakshi Arya says in cases like this one, removal orders are not acted upon until the person has served their sentence. At that time though Khan could apply to federal court to have his removal order stayed and that could spin into months or years of additional hearings. His victim says she is afraid of him still living in the Lower Mainland if he is not sent back to you are the victim of sexual or domestic abuse or violence, please reach out for help to HealthLinkBC by calling 811, or through the Crime Victim Assistance Program at 1-866-660-3888 or VictimLink BC at 1-800-563-0808 or text Vancouver's Impact Team investigates and reports on stories that impact people in their local community and strives to hold individuals, institutions and organizations to account. If you have a story for us, email impact Rajah Sulaiman, juga Sulaiman III Sanskerta स्ललैअह्, Baybayin ᜐᜓᜎᜌ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔, Abecedario Sulaiman 1558–1575, adalah Rajah raja atau penguasa terpenting Kerajaan Maynila, sebuah kerajaan pengikut Moro pra-Hispanik dari Kesultanan Brunei di muara Sungai Pasig di tempat yang sekarang disebut Manila, Filipina. Dia juga mewarisi pemerintahan Tondo dan Namayan di dekatnya, menjadi penguasa pertama yang memegang ketiga alam dalam persatuan adalah penguasa pribumi kedua dari belakang kerajaan, karena negara bersama dengan Luzon dan sebagian besar Nusantara, secara bertahap diserap ke dalam Kekaisaran Spanyol dimulai pada akhir abad ke-16. Putra tertuanya, Bunao Dula, dimahkotai sebagai Lakan penguasa tertinggi ketika Sulaiman I terlalu sakit untuk berfungsi sebagai raja. Sulaiman I adalah cucu dari Abdul Bolkiah dari Kesultanan Brunei dan putra dari Sulaiman Bolkiah. Sulaiman l tidak menggunakan nama keluarga Bolkiah melainkan menggunakan gelar resmi Rajah Soliman Dula l, untuk menandai era baru aristokrasi Manila yang III melawan pasukan Spanyol, dan dengan demikian, bersama dengan Rajah Matanda dan Lakan Dula, adalah salah satu dari tiga raja yang membela dan berperan besar dalam penaklukan Spanyol di Pelabuhan Manila dan delta Sungai Pasig pada awal tahun 1570-an. Dalam dokumen Spanyol mencatat bahwa orang-orang Sulaiman memanggilnya Raja Mura atau Raja Muda dari bahasa Sanskerta raja. Orang Spanyol menyebut nama ini sebagai "Raja Muda", merujuk pada fakta bahwa ia adalah keponakan dan pewaris Raja Matanda. Orang Spanyol juga memanggilnya Raja Solimano el silsilah yang dikemukakan oleh Mariano A. Henson pada tahun 1955, dan ditegaskan oleh Majul pada tahun 1973. Sulaiman adalah Raja Manila ke-14 sejak didirikan sebagai kerajaan Muslim pada tahun 1258 oleh Rajah Ahmad ketika dia mengalahkan Majapahit Suzerain Raja Avirjirkaya. Penaklukan Spanyol atas Manila 1570–1571Rajah Sulaiman ada di sana ketika invasi Legazpi terjadi. Pendahulunya menegaskan bila keturunan dari Alexander Agung, Lakanduli, yang pendahulunya adalah Kanduli, yang pendahulunya adalah Rajah Nicoy yang memerintah wilayah Muslim di Manila sebelum invasi Spanyol. Dipercaya bahwa Islam akan menyebar ke seluruh Filipina tetapi untuk invasi Spanyol sejak Luzon dan Visayas melihat kedatangan Islam. Penaklukan Spanyol diperangi oleh Rajah Lakandula, Rajah Matanda, dan keponakan mereka Rajah Sulaiman. Sultan Brunei memiliki hubungan kekeluargaan dengan bangsawan asal Kalimantan yang memerintah Manila. Manila diubah oleh Muslim dari Kalimantan. Perang oleh orang Kristen melawan Islam di Nusantara yang diakhiri dengan pertempuran 1913 Bud Bagsak antara Sulu dan Amerika dimulai pada tahun 1571. Kala itu Martin de Goiti dan Miguel Lopez de Legaspi dan tentara bawahan mereka dari Visayans, tentara Amerika Latin dan Spanyol menyerang Kerajaan Manila Rajah Sulaiman Muslim dan menaklukkannya. Menjadi bagian dari pelabuhan perdagangan kuno dan sekutu tradisionalnya, Spanyol mengalami serangan militer yang spektakuler dan dahsyat di tangan Muslim Moro dari etnis Sama, Iranun, Maguindanaon dan Suluk setelah penaklukan mereka di Manila. Ini menandakan dimulainya konflik berbasis kedaulatan yang sudah tua di Nusantara. Para bangsawan dan bangsawan Brunei mengubah para bangsawan Manila menjadi Islam dan menjalin hubungan akrab melalui pernikahan, itulah sebabnya Rajah Sulaiman adalah seorang Muslim yang dikenal ketika Spanyol tiba. Julkipli M. Wadi menulis biografi Rajah Sulaiman, Spanyol dan transformasi Islam Manila. Miguel López de Legazpi, Juan de Salcedo, dan Martín de Goiti memimpin invasi oleh Spanyol melawan Rajah Lakandula, Rajah Matanda dan penguasa Muslim terakhir Maynila, Rjaha Sulayman III. Jose N. Svilla kemudian menggubah biografi Rajah Suulayman dalam bahasa Tagalog. Sebuah monumen yang didedikasikan untuk Rajah Sulaiman didirikan oleh penduduknya untuk mengenang perlawanan dan kesyahidannya melawan Spanyol. Tondo diperintah oleh Lakandula dan Manila diperintah oleh Sulaiman keduanya Muslim karena Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao dan Sulu semuanya mengalami dakwah Islam. Muslim sudah ada di seluruh pulau Filipina selama masuknya ini dulunya merupakan kerajaan India pra-kolonial Sri Vijaya dan pada saat kedatangan mereka sudah bergeser menjadi Kerajaan Majapahit. Penjelajah Spanyol Miguel López de Legazpi, mencari tempat yang cocok untuk mendirikan ibukotanya setelah pindah dari Cebu ke Panay karena klaim Portugis atas Archipeago. Mereka mengirim Martín de Goiti dan Juan de Salcedo dalam ekspedisi ke utara ke Luzon setelah mendengar tentang seorang makmur kerajaan di berlabuh di Cavite dan membangun otoritasnya dengan mengirimkan "pesan persahabatan" ke negara-negara bagian di sekitar Sungai Pasig. Sulaiman, yang telah diberi kewenangan atas permukiman ini oleh Rajah Matanda yang sudah tua, bersedia menerima "persahabatan" dari Spanyol. Namun, Sulaiman kemudian menolak untuk menyerahkan kedaulatannya, dan tidak punya pilihan selain berperang melawan tuntutan para pendatang baru Eropa tersebut. Akibatnya, Goíti dan pasukannya menyerbu kerajaan pada bulan Juni 1570, menjarah dan membakarnya Jejak Sulaiman di Manila Memang kini Filipina bukan negara dengan penduduk Islam mayoritas. Namun, mengutip kebesaran umat dan kebesaran Islam di sana jejaknya ada lewat bangunan Intramorus Walle City yang dibangun oleh Raja Sulaiman. Keterangan foto Intramorus Walle City di Manila yang dibangun oleh Rajah Sulaiman. Dalam bahasa latin, intramorus berarti dinding. Dinding yang dibangun pada abad ke-16 di atas lahan seluas 64 hektare ini merupakan cikal bakal Kota Manila. Bangunan yang semula berada di timur Kota Manila ini difungsikan sebagai pusat pemerintahan Spanyol dan diperuntukkan sebagai benteng pertahanan. Di sekitar dinding raksasa ini, terdapat pula beberapa bangunan bersejarah, salah satunya Fort Santiago. Tidak hanya bangunan Intramorus Walle City jejak Islam di Filipina juga kita temui pada Masjid Syekh Karim al-Makdum, masjid tertua di Filipina. Masjid yang berdiri pada 1380 M ini dibangun oleh Syekh Karim al-Makdum, saudagar Arab yang datang dan berdakwah di daerah tersebut. Masjid ini merupakan pusat penyebaran Islam pertama di tanah Filipina. Beberapa tiangnya yang asli, masih tegak berdiri, berada di dalam bangunan masjid. Pusat Arkeologi Nasional menobatkan situs ini sebagai warisan bersejarah. Sedangkan, oleh Museum Nasional Filipina, masjid ini dicatat sebagai kekayaan budaya berupa benda. Dan terakhir jejak Islam di Filipina bisa kita temui di Distrik Quiapo. Quiapo merupakan kota lama dan tempat permukiman Islam di Manila. Di daerah tersebut sudah banyak berdiri gedung-gedung pencakar langit. Di sinilah tempat pusat transaksi ekonomi cara Islam. Kota ini menjadi salah satu pusat perdangangan bangsa Filipina saat itu. Dan uniknya, sistem transaksi yang digunakan sejak awal adalah sistem Islam. Sistem ini pun masih dipraktikkan oleh sebagian pedagang di kawasan tersebut sampai sekarang. Serta sebagai bentuk penghormatan atas jasa-jasanya di masa lalu, figur Raja Sulaeman diabadikan menjadi sebuah patung yang terletak di Rizal Park, Manila. Ever since Jason Roy opted out of the Indian Premier League 2022 due to bio-bubble fatigue, many fans took to Twitter to express their desire to see former Chennai Super Kings player Suresh Raina in Gujarat Titans’ jersey. Roy was bought for INR 2 crore. Meanwhile, Raina, who has been one of the top performers in the Indian Premier League, went unsold in the IPL 2022 mega auction in Bengaluru. Here are some of the reactions Dear gujarat_titans, if you pick Suresh Raina as a replacement of Roy, you are not just picking Raina for the team also you would getting almost 10M+ followers for your team who would promote your matches and support. This is important for your brand value. SureshRaina𓃵 Nikhil Shete Nix_viratian_18 March 2, 2022 As a true cricket fan I just want Raina to play the ipl. thats guy is the hear and soul of the ipl. He has made what ipl is today. Please gujrat titans pick him as a replacement. Coming from a csk fan. Raina SureshRaina𓃵 Suresh Raina— Uttkarsh Gupta 27_uttkarsh March 2, 2022 Roy has played for Delhi Capitals, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Lions in the past. Raina, who has been fans favourite, had opted out of the tournament in 2020. The 35-year is among the six batters to score over 5000 runs in the competition. With 5528 runs from 205 IPL matches, Raina is fourth in the list of highest run-scorer in the cash-rich league. Titans haven’t announced Roy’s replacement for the upcoming season. Post navigation Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula were powerful allies that co-ruled Manila in the 16th century. The three rulers of Manila had territories that were strategically placed in different areas along the Pasig River Delta opening up to Manila Bay. Lakandula controlled the north side of the Pasig River Delta, while Matanda and Sulayman controlled the south side in what is now Fort Santiago. Their tripartite reign as rajahs of Manila was one of the most significant in Philippine history because of their defense and eventual loss to Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who captured their territories with the help of 600 Visayan troops in 1571. Approximate Locations of the Territories of the Ancient Rulers of Manila Photo by malacañ How Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula Maintained Power In pre-colonial Philippines, power was not measured in terms of territorial expanse, wealth, or centralized government. Instead, it was measured in terms of monopoly of trade, control of people, number of alliances, and networks of connections. Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula had plenty of these. Not only were the three rulers of Manila related to each other Sulayman was the nephew of Lakandula and Matanda, they also forged important alliances with datus from surrounding provinces and datus from abroad. Manila during the 16th century was part of the powerful Sultanate of Brunei, an empire that extended to much of Borneo, Palawan, and parts of Luzon. It was the rival of the Sultanate of Sulu and Sultanate of Maguindanao, on which it conducted raids. According to Chinese records, across its territories including Manila, the Sultanate of Brunei had an armada consisting of more than 100 war vessels at the climax of its power. Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula were just vassals to this impressive empire, but were nevertheless powerful in their own right. The three rulers of Manila became significantly more powerful than their upriver counterparts in Luzon because of their territories’ strategic location. Being located near the mouth of the Pasig River near Manila Bay, Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula were able to control goods going in and out of the river. The three rulers enforced their authority not only on their constituents, but also on foreign merchants who docked at their harbors. They levied taxes on foreign ships carrying goods for trade. They also subordinated their counterpart datus from upriver communities by controlling the entry of their goods into the trading system. Another way that ancient Filipino datus like Sulayman, Matanda, and Lakandula maintained their power and influence was by cultivating a belief among their constituents and enemies that they had supernatural powers. According to historians Patricio Abinales and Donna Amoroso, datus were able to hold onto power by spreading rumors about their alleged arcane knowledge of black magic like pangkukulam or pambabarang that could harm their enemies. This deterred potential challengers to their authority. How the Spaniards Overcame Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula In June 1570, after the Spaniards subjugated some datus from the Visayas, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi ordered Martin de Goiti to establish an outpost in the north. Goiti set out from the Visayas and anchored in Cavite. At the time, Goiti’s troops had almost depleted their supplies, but word came to him of Manila, a rich trading hub by the Pasig Delta, which was replete with various resources. He sent emissaries to Manila to extend a “message of friendship.” It was the same tactic used to capture Visayan territories Offer friendship and protection in exchange for pledging allegiance to the Spanish Crown. Rajah Matanda was receptive to the advances of the Spaniards, but Rajah Sulayman, notorious for being the most aggressive of the three rajahs of Manila, took a more obstinate stand and refused to cede power to the Spaniards. Sulayman declared war on the Spaniards, who promptly attacked Manila, burning the city to the ground. After the fierce battle, the three rulers were forced to retreat uphill. But, fearing that the monsoon season would trap him and his forces in Manila, Goiti sailed back to Cebu, after which the natives returned and resettled in Manila. A year later on June 3, 1571, de Legazpi arrived in Manila with a larger fleet and a stronger force comprised of 280 Spaniards, 600 Visayan natives, and some Latin Americans. In response, Sulayman promptly assembled his own troops, albeit with great effort He failed to gain the crucial support of the two elderly chieftains Rajah Matanda and Lakandula, who remained in their respective outposts, and possibly considered the great losses they suffered at the hands of the same enemy a year earlier. Sulayman also failed to gain the support of crucial allies from the datus of Hagonoy, Bulacan. With his list of allies growing thin, Rajah Sulayman called for aid from Tarik Sulayman, a datu from Pampanga. Tarik Sulayman sailed his warships down the Pampanga River and set out to meet Rajah Sulayman at the Bay of Bangkusay off the port of Tondo. A naval battle ensued between the Spaniards and the natives. The Spaniards, highly experienced in naval warfare, lured the natives into a trap by forming a solid formation fastened in two-by-two to appear vulnerable. When the native warships closed in, the Spanish fleet immediately surrounded them, opened fire, and destroyed much of the natives’ warships. Tarik Sulayman perished in what is now known as the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, while Rajah Sulayman escaped and fled to Pampanga. Consequences of the Battle of Bangkusay Channel With the two Sulaymans’ defeat, Manila was easily ceded to Legazpi. The remaining rulers of Manila, Lakandula and Matanda, welcomed the Spanish conquistador and made a deal with him. This marked the fall of Manila to the Spanish Crown. Manila was declared a city in June 1571, and would later on become the seat of the Spanish empire in Asia. At the time of its capitulation, Manila’s population was 250. The Battle of Bangkusay Channel also marked the beginning of the Muslim-Christian conflict during the time of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Manila was an outpost of the Sultanate of Brunei, and its capture by the Spaniards was not taken lightly by Brunei’s sultan and his vassals. Subsequent raids on the Spaniards were launched by Muslim datus from the region as a result of the latter’s invasion of Manila. Legazpi’s victory in 1571 redefined the Philippine archipelago by situating it as Spain’s center of trade and operations in Asia, partly because of the large presence of Chinese merchants in the surrounding area. In 1595, King Philip II declared Manila as the capital of the Philippines.

rajah sulaiman gus ali